3^{rd Annual Congress on} Bioscience October 16-17, 2017 Dubai,UAE

Systems biology is the computational and mathematical modelling of complex biological systems. An emerging engineering approach applied to biological scientific research, systems biology is a biology-based inter-disciplinary field of study that focuses on complex interactions within biological systems, using a holistic approach   to biological research. Particularly from year 2000 onwards, the concept has been used widely in the biosciences in a variety of contexts. For example, the Human Genome Project is an example of applied systems thinking in biology which has led to new, collaborative ways of working on problems in the biological field of genetics. 

 Chemical biology is a scientific discipline spanning the fields of chemistry, biology, and physics. It involves the application of chemical techniques, tools, and analyses, and often compounds produced through synthetic chemistry, to the study and manipulation of biological systems. Chemical biologists attempt to use chemical principles to modulate systems to either investigate the underlying biology or create new function.

The cell is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms. A cell is the smallest unit of life that can replicate independently, and cells are often called the building blocks of life. The study of cells is called cell biology. Cells consist of cytoplasm enclosed within a membrane, which contains many biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. Organisms can be classified as unicellular consisting of a single cell or multicellular While the number of cells in plants and an animal varies from species to species, humans contain more than 10 trillion cells. Most plant and animal cells are visible only under a microscope, with dimensions between 1 and 100 micrometres.

Green plants have cell dividers with cellulose and acquire the greater part of their vitality from daylight by means of photosynthesis by essential chloroplasts, got from endosymbiosis with cyanobacteria. Green plants give the vast majority of the world's atomic oxygen and are the premise of a large portion of Earth's ecologies, particularly ashore.

The branch of biology that deals with the nature of biological phenomena at the molecular level through the study of DNA and RNA, proteins, and other macromolecules involved in genetic information and cell function, characteristically making use of advanced tools and techniques of separation, manipulation, imaging, and analysis. Molecular Biology exercises a multidisciplinary approach and presents the complete pattern of relevant basic research mostly in Eastern Europe Molecular Biology.

Molecular Endocrinology is defined as Studies of structures, synthesis and actions of hormones at cellular and molecular levels. Hormones are chemical substances produced by specialized tissue and secreted into the blood stream, where they are carried to target organs. Hormones are chemicals, non-nutrients, intracellular messengers that are effective at micro molar concentrations or less. In other words hormones are chemical substances that carry information between two or more cell types. They are also called as bio regulators.

Genetics involves the study of specific and limited numbers of genes, or parts of genes, that have a known function. In biomedical research, scientists try to understand how genes guide the body’s development, cause disease or affect response to drugs. Genomics, in contrast, is the study of the entirety of an organism’s genes – called the genome. Using high-performance computing and math techniques known as bioinformatics, genomics researchers analyse enormous amounts of DNA sequence data to find variations that affect health, disease or drug response. In humans that means searching through about 3 billion units of DNA across 23,000 genes.

Immunology is a branch of biomedical science that covers the study of immune systems in all organisms. It charts, measures, and contextualizes the physiological functioning of the immune system in states of both health and diseases malfunctions of the immune system in immunological disorders such as autoimmune diseases, hypersensitivities, immune deficiency, and transplant rejection. The physical, chemical and physiological characteristics of the components of the immune system in-vitro, in-situ, and in-vivo. Immunology has applications in numerous disciplines of medicine, particularly in the fields of organ transplantation, oncology, virology, bacteriology, parasitology, psychiatry, and dermatology.

Microbiology is the study of microscopic organisms, such as bacteria, viruses, archaea, fungi and protozoa. It mainly focuses on the fundamental research on the biochemistry, physiology, cell biology, ecology, evolution and clinical aspects of microorganisms, including the host response to these agents. Infection can be defined as the invasion and multiplication of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites that are not normally present within the body. An infection may cause no symptoms and be subclinical, or it may cause symptoms and be clinically apparent.

Neuroscience is the scientific study of the nervous system. Traditionally, neuroscience is recognized as a branch of biology. However, it is currently an interdisciplinary science that collaborates with other fields such as chemistry, cognitive science, computer science, engineering, linguistics, mathematics, medicine, genetics, and allied disciplines including philosophy, physics, and psychology. It also exerts influence on other fields, such as neuro education, neuro ethics, and neuro law. The term neurobiology is often used interchangeably with the term neuroscience, although the former refers specifically to the biology of the nervous system, whereas the latter refers to the entire science of the nervous system, including elements of psychology as well as the purely physical sciences.

Veterinary biosciences is a biological sciences programme designed to provide students with a strong understanding of the key elements that underpin all modern biological sciences, with a major focus on the biology of health and disease in animals. Animals play an important role in society from ecological, social and economic perspectives and it is increasingly recognised that animal and human health are closely linked. Companion animals are an important feature of our culture and socio-psychological wellbeing, as are animals used for recreational purposes.

Forensic science is the application of science to criminal and civil laws. Forensic scientists collect, preserve, and analyse scientific evidence during the course of an investigation. While some forensic scientists travel to the scene to collect the evidence themselves, others occupy a laboratory role, performing analysis on objects brought to them by other individuals. In addition to their laboratory role, forensic scientists testify as expert witnesses in both criminal and civil cases and can work for either the prosecution or the defense. While any field could technically be forensic, certain sections have developed over time to encompass the majority of forensically related cases.

Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that develops methods and software tools for understanding biological data. As an interdisciplinary field of science, bioinformatics combines computer science, statistics, mathematics, and engineering to analyse and interpret biological data. Bioinformatics has been used for in silica analyses of biological queries using mathematical and statistical techniques. Bioinformatics is both an umbrella term for the body of biological studies that use computer programming as part of their methodology, as well as a reference to specific analysis pipelines that are repeatedly used, particularly in the field of genomics. Common uses of bioinformatics include the identification of candidate genes and nucleotides.

Biostatistics is the application of statistics to a wide range of topics in biology. The science of biostatistics encompasses the design of biological experiments, especially in medicine, pharmacy, agriculture and fishery the collection, summarization, and analysis of data from those experiments and the interpretation of, and inference from, the results. A major branch of this is medical biostatistics, which is exclusively concerned with medicine and health.

Environmental Biology that focuses on the scientific study of the origins, functions, relationships, interactions, and natural history of living populations, communities, species, and ecosystems in relation to dynamic environmental processes. Includes instruction in biodiversity, molecular genetic and genomic evolution, mesoscale ecology, computational biology and modeling, conservation biology, local and global environmental change, and restoration ecology.

Nutrition is the science that interprets the interaction of nutrients and other substances in food in relation to maintenance, growth, reproduction, health and disease of an organism. It includes food intake, absorption, assimilation, biosynthesis, catabolism and excretion.

Food science is the applied science devoted to the study of food.  Food Science defines food science in simpler terms as the application of basic sciences and engineering to study the physical, chemical, and biochemical nature of foods and the principles of food processing.

Biological warfare also known as germ warfare is the use of biological toxins or infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi with the intent to kill or incapacitate humans, animals or plants as an act of war. Entomological   warfare is also considered a type of biological weapon. Biological weapons may be employed in various ways to gain a strategic or tactical advantage over the enemy, either by threats or by actual deployments. Like some of the chemical weapons, biological weapons may also be useful as area denial weapons. These agents may be lethal or non-lethal, and may be targeted against a single individual, a group of people, or even an entire population.

Bioethics is the study of the typically controversial ethical issues emerging from new situations and possibilities brought about by advances in biology and medicine. It is also moral discernment as it relates to medical policy and practice. Bioethicists are concerned with the ethical questions that arise in the relationships among life sciences, biotechnology, medicine, politics, law, and philosophy. It also includes the study of the more common place questions of values which arise in primary care and other branches of medicine.

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